This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. MNIS, LSM NIGERIA PRESENTED AT THE FIG WORKING WEEK, 13-17 May 2007 IN SHANGRI-LA HOTEL, HONG KONG SAR, CHINA. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Kiribati However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Cameroon The Eko Atlantic Shoreline Protection and Reclamation Project will provide approximately 1000 hectares (ha) of high quality land for development within the heart of Lagos, Nigeria and will offer a long-term solution to the shoreline erosion problems at Victoria Island, Lagos. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Martinique It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. Poland New Caledonia Interviews and surveys were also conducted. Thailand Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. France Saudi Arabia Russian Federation The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Marshall islands Denmark Vanuatu THE IMPACT OF LAND RECLAMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Croatia White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. Czech Republic It is on the coast and between Delta State and … It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. Central African Republic On the back of this work, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of the Environment gave EIA approval for Eko Atlantic reclamation works and sea wall protection in combination with established procedures for ongoing compliance. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. NIGERIAN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING ACT: This act is to provide for development, planning, administration principles, standards, requirement guidelines and a framework for administering and managing urban and regional planning in Nigeria. Dredging/Civil Engineering Vol. Gabon 39, No. The building of the sea defence system is already under way. Malawi It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment, flooding pattern… Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Qatar Congo(DRC) Azerbaijan Serbia Burkina Faso The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. Continuous reclamation of land from the sea distorts the ecosystem. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. Ethiopia The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Antarctica French Polynesia Jordan Georgia Peru Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. Mongolia Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Fill out the form below to subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest news updates and relevant industry insight. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Sint Maarten(Dutch) Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Cuba Saint Martin(French) HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. This work discusses the impact of land reclamation on the environment.A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among people from selected states in Nigeria. Uganda Libya The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12 = 0.19, P = 0.83). The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. Puerto Rico Tokelau They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. One of the most important factors when making real estate related decisions is your budget. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. Chile Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Overview of land reclamation methods • P t 2 M th d f l d l ti i ftPart 2. Turks and Caicos Islands United States People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. Samoa Reunion The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. This situation had led to the loss of many species. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. Belize Moldova But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. Saint Helena An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Sao Tome and Principe This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. To date an area of more than three million square metres of land has been reclaimed. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. Before exploration the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading and concreting. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left. Available from: Assessing the Past, Envisioning the Future, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. United Arab Emirates Romania Djibouti The city is expected to generate more than 150,000 new jobs and aims to attract visitors from all over the world. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Environment/Sustainability/Consultants Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. is going to extend its inte... Read more, The company Linz Service GmbH will reconstruct its Terminal in Linz, in the East of Austria, and awa... Read more, Amsterdam, 10 September 2019 – Today, Smart Freight Centre and the World Business Council for Sustai... Read more, Company Information Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Cookies, Copyright © Mercator Media Ltd 2021, All Rights Reserved. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. LAND USE CHARGE LAW: The Land Use Charge (LUC) is a consolidation of all property and land based rates and charges over a land. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. Angola reclamation benefits in Nigeria. Bermuda Royal Haskoning has has developed the urban and transport masterplan, infrastructure design and the social and environmental impact assessment - as well as being responsible for overall project management. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. Paraguay Aroloye O. Numbere (January 8th 2020). Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Contact our London head office or media team here. Tajikistan San Marino Dominican Republic Kazakhstan Equipment/Service Supplier Equatorial Guinea Mayotte This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. In the course of many centuries, hydraulic engineering, dredging technology and land reclamation have emerged as means for creating water-bound prosperity and economic development (DEME, 2013). French Guiana Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Niue Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Northern Mariana Islands Israel Faroe Islands Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. Italy An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Svalbard and Jan Mayen The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Results of water revealed con-centrations lower than WHO (2017) and SON (2007) standards. Designed by Royal Haskoning, the new sea wall will stretch for more than eight kilometres to form an effective barrier that dispels the force of the waves to protect not only Eko Atlantic, but the whole of the Atlantic coastline off Victoria Island and Lagos. Pitcairn Data/Software/Technology Lebanon Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Japan Saint Pierre et Miquelon Lithuania Continuous mining leads to the deformation of the coast lines and the destruction of aquatic organisms, which results in extinction of species. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. Greece The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34 years no coastal species had grown in this area. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. New Zealand Andorra Mexico Ecuador The Impact of Landscape Reclamation on Mangrove Forest and Coastal Areas in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Luis Loures, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.82053. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). Belgium Kyrgyzstan Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. Saint Kitts and Nevis This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. 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Borders the Atlantic ocean ( Figure 1 ) that devastate coastal areas to create a land.
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