Download sango the fall of the han dynasty for free. Over the next few years, Cao Cao's style of living became more like the emperor's, and he also received greater honours. With Liu Bang as the start of the Han Dynasty, it lasted for more than four hundred years, from 206 B.C.E. Confucianism became a very strong influencing factor in the government of the Han. Introduction Han dynasty was formed by Liu Bang after defeating his rival Xiang Yu. The Han dynasty officially ended at that point and Cao Pi established the state of Cao Wei in its place, moving the capital from Xu back to Luoyang. READ: The Fall of the Han Dynasty Much of China’s identity can be linked to the powerful Han Dynasty two millennia ago, and its eventual collapse has fascinated historians ever since. During the late Classical Period (200-600 C.E. Yuan Tan sought help from Cao Cao, and Cao advanced north to attack Ye, forcing Yuan Shang to lift the siege on Pingyuan. However, Cao Cao made a right choice because Yuan Shao did not heed Tian Feng's urging to seize the chance to attack him. Match. Cao Cao's army was estimated to be 220,000 men strong, although Cao himself claimed that he had 800,000 troops. Liu Cong, who was favoured by Liu Biao's second wife Lady Cai (because he married her niece), remained in Jing Province's capital, Xiangyang. In 208, Sun Quan defeated and killed Liu Biao's vassal Huang Zu at the Battle of Jiangxia, seizing most of Huang's territory at Jiangxia (江夏; present-day Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei). Fearing that he might be caught in a war on two fronts (Cao Cao in the north and Liu Qi in the southeast), Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao, and most of Jing Province came under Cao Cao's control. Liu Bang gained control of the Han Kingdom, conquered the Qin army and set up his own empire. Li Jue held Emperor Xian hostage while Guo Si kidnapped the imperial officials, and both sides engaged in battle. The Han Dynasty ultimately collapsed in 220 CE, and China splintered into three warlord kingdoms in what is known as the Three Kingdoms period. Sun Ce, son of Sun Jian, who had conquered several territories in Jiangdong between 194 and 199, ended his alliance with Yuan Shu and became an independent warlord. The Rise and Fall of Han Dynasty 1. Yuan formed an alliance with Liu Biao and was intent on attacking Cao Cao. Yuan Shao, Administrator of Bohai (around present-day Cangzhou, Hebei), was nominated to be the leader of the coalition. How did the Han Dynasty begin? Cao Cao's efforts to completely reunite the Han dynasty were rebuffed at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 / 209, when his armies were defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei. Later, Cao Cao escorted the emperor back to his base in Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), establishing the new capital there. Chinese ProverbIf there be righteousness in the heart, there will be beauty in the character. Cao Cao also attacked Yuan Shu and defeated him. to A.D. 221, the Han Dynasty saw advancements in technology, philosophy and trade. The reasons for this Chinese dynasty's collapse range from … However, Cao Cao later had an affair with Zhang Xiu's widowed aunt, angering Zhang. Court officials eventually started a … Towards the end of the Han dynasty’s run, 160 CE onward, the government began acting carelessly. In 208, Cao Cao launched a southern campaign to conquer Liu Biao's Jing Province. In 198, Yuan Shao tried to persuade Cao Cao to move the capital to Juancheng (鄄城; in present-day Heze, Shandong), which was nearer to his own territory, in an attempt to wrestle Emperor Xian away from Cao, but Cao refused. On his deathbed, Yuan Shao did not leave any explicit instruction as to who should succeed him. The war between them lasted for four years. Against the advice of Ju Shou and Tian Feng, who reasoned that their troops were exhausted after the battles against Gongsun Zan and needed rest, Yuan Shao prepared for a campaign against Cao Cao, confident that his much larger army could easily crush Cao Cao's. Han had two dynasties i.e. Sun Quan also urged Cao Cao to take the emperor's throne but Cao declined. Indeed, the fall of the Ming Dynasty was the sixth time in Chinese history that a long-standing empire was brought down by peasant rebellion following famine. Some of those warlords were friendly with Li Jue's forces, while others remained hostile to them, even though all of them nominally acknowledged Emperor Xian as the sovereign ruler of China. If there is beauty in the character, there will be harmony in the home. Compare and Contrast Essay Roman Empire vs. Han Dynasty Bethany Corl HIEU 201-B11 September 29, 2014 Compare and Contrast Essay The Roman and Han empires flourished in culture, wealth, and technological advances at their pinnacle, leading not to future stability, but to greed, corruption, and ultimately their downfall. Things that contributed to the fall of the Han Dynasty. However, Shen Pei and Pang Ji forged a will, naming Yuan Shang as the successor. The collapse of the empires did not happen abruptly but was a process. As the Han Dynasty government weakened over time and ultimately collapsed, the empire fractured into the war-torn Three Kingdoms period. Along the way, one of Cao Cao's light cavalry units caught up with Liu Bei's retreating forces (which included civilians) and defeated them at the Battle of Changban. While Cao Cao was attacking the Yuan clan in northern China, Liu Bei fled south to join Liu Biao and became a vassal under the latter, who stationed him at the northern border in Xinye County to keep Cao Cao at bay. In 195, turmoil ensued in Chang'an when Li Jue and Guo Si killed Fan Chou together, and later turned against each other. The Han Dynasty had many revolts; an example is the Yellow Turban Revolt, caused by frustration in the government. After taking control over the imperial court in Chang'an, Li Jue, Guo Si and Fan Chou did as they pleased without showing any regard for the welfare of the state. Both sides became locked in a stalemate, except for a clash at the Battle of Han River, before Cao Cao eventually decided to withdraw his forces, giving up Hanzhong to Liu Bei. Roman Empire Vs. Han Dynasty 939 Words | 4 Pages. Disease, Political problems, and the inability to maintain order of the public. Yuan Shu attempted to flee north to join Yuan Shao but his way was blocked and he would die of illness on his return to Shouchun in 199. At this time, the most prominent warlords in China were: There were still many other minor warlords, and Cao Cao particularly sought to get them to submit to him. Cao Cao, after resting his forces for several years in light of his defeat at the Battle of Red Cliffs, made a major advance again in 211, this time to ostensibly to attack Zhang Lu of Hanzhong. Liu Zhang sent Liu Bei to station at Jiameng Pass in northern Yi Province to resist Zhang Lu. Around the time when Liu Bei was attacking Hanzhong, Guan Yu also advanced north from Jing Province to attack Cao Cao's city of Fancheng (樊城; present-day Fancheng District, Xiangyang, Hubei), which was defended by Cao Ren. While Yuan Shao was still indecisive on whether to welcome Emperor Xian or not, Cao Cao took advantage of the situation to bring the emperor to his territory. His base of Ji Province was given to Yuan Shang, Yuan Tan controlled Qing Province, while Yuan Xi governed You Province, and Gao Gan ruled Bing Province. The Three Kingdoms period was war-torn, but also a time of great technological advancement. Besides, the coalition members were also hesitant to directly confront Dong Zhuo and his strong Liang Province military. STUDY. That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. Yuan Shao became annoyed with Tian Feng and had Tian imprisoned, after which he led his army south to attack Cao Cao. Once the Qin Emperor was killed there was a war for four years between Liu Bang and his rival Xiang Yu. Eventually, Liu Yu was unable to tolerate Gongsun Zan and attacked the latter, but was defeated and killed. The surviving eunuchs kidnapped Emperor Shao and his younger brother, the eight-year-old Prince of Chenliu (raised by his grandmother Empress Dowager Dong), and fled north towards the Yellow River, but were finally forced to commit suicide by throwing themselves into the river. Instead of sending reinforcements to Wuchao, Yuan Shao sent Zhang He and Gao Lan (高覽) to attack Cao Cao's camp, but was unsuccessful. Gongsun Kang feared that the Yuans might turn against him and seize his territory, so he had them executed and sent their heads to Cao Cao. When the last Chinese dynasty—the Qing dynasty—fell in 1911–1912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. . During this, the peasant Qin Shi Huang was fixated on the idea of becoming immortal and consequently employed numerous sorcerers and alchemists, and even went on a journey to find an immortality elixir (The Saylor Foundation, 2012) . In 193, armed conflict broke out between the northern warlords Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan. Painting of Ancestral Worship Hall The Han dynasty is oftentimes regarded as one of the most successful of all the Chinese dynasties. Flashcards. during the han dynasty, emperor qin shi huang began building the great wall of china during the han dynasty, historian believe the l ching, a fortune telling guide, Yuan Shao remained hesitant and did not come to a conclusion on whether to receive the emperor or not. The fall of the Han dynasty set the stage, but those early years were also filled with drama, deception, betrayal . The Rise and Fall of the Han Dynasty By Patrick Lynch Although the brief Qin dynasty managed to unite the Warring States of China, the Han dynasty is considered to be the second great Chinese imperial dynasty after almost 800 years of Zhou control. Guan Yu remained behind to defend Jing Province. The most popular version among the software users is 1.0. Take your place and help to the fall of the Han Dynasty! Concurrently, provincial warlords all over China battled each other to expand their territories or further their personal interests. Liu Bei was defeated and he fled north to join Yuan Shao. The Fall of the Han Dynasty (Level 6) Posted on November 10, 2010 by davidtheho During the evolution of the Han Dynasty, terrible changes have occurred, such as the downfall of the economy, the failure of religion, and the improper rulers and government. This fall came to pass after the last of the eight Han monarchs who followed Wu when the nephew of empress Wang Zhengyuan (l. 71 BCE - 13 CE), Wang Mang, was appointed regent for a young heir to the throne, swore he would surrender control when the boy came of age, but then seized power instead and established the Xin ("new") Dynasty. However, after negotiations between Guan Yu and Lu Su, Liu Bei agreed to give up the three commanderies of Changsha, Jiangxia and Guiyang to Sun Quan, renewing their alliance and dividing Jing Province between them along the Xiang River. Located in China, the Han Dynasty began in 206 BCE and ended in 220 CE. After Dong Zhuo's death, it was believed that the chaos caused by Dong Zhuo's "reign of terror" would subside, and the central government would be restored to its original state. The Empress Wang Zhengjun oversaw the succession of emperors and ensured her male relatives took the throne one after another. Fall of Han Empire has a considerable impact on trading along the silk road. The Han invented paper and lead-glazed ceramics, and greatly improved silk-weaving techniques. a usurper temporarily displaced the Han rule. From that point on, although Yuan Shao continued to remain as a major power player, he could no longer challenge Cao Cao's growing supremacy. It is considered a golden age in China. Cao Cao attacked Ye once more and Yuan Shang headed back to defend his base, but was defeated by Cao Cao. Liu Cong became the new Governor of Jing Province after his father's death. Liu Yan was commissioned as the Governor of Yi Province (covering the Sichuan Basin), while several other important officials also became Governors, including Liu Yu, who was appointed Governor of You Province (covering present-day northern Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and Liaoning). . Fall of the Western Han. Terms in this set (5) What are 3 important factors that led to the fall of the Han Dynasty? Gao Gan also surrendered Bing Province to Cao Cao. For the following months until the end of 191, the coalition ceased to take further action against Dong Zhuo, and eventually disbanded and the members returned to their respective bases. Roman Empire Vs. Han Dynasty 939 Words | 4 Pages. Liu Bei's general Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao and temporarily served under Cao. When Cao Cao sent Yuan Shao an edict in the emperor's name, only then did Yuan realize that he had lost an opportunity to make use of the emperor to control other warlords. These included rebellions and warfare, as well as natural disasters such as cattle plagues, locusts, droughts, floods, and earthquakes. Liu Bang won the war and became emperor. The Decline and Fall: Economic Problems At the end of the Han Dynasty, the dynasty fell into chaos and corruption within the eunuchs empress' clan, and Confucian scholar officials caused for the dynasty to slowly fall apart; power and control was lost. Learn. The Han Empire Falls: As the Han dynasty aged, signs of decay appeared. The Han Dynasty was one of the longest and most influential out of all in Chinese history. The following year, Cao Cao pressured Emperor Xian into granting him a title of nobility, "King of Wei". You will enjoy an historical adventure where enemies, weapons, the battles and mostly the war are the most common parts. Yuan Tan was furious and mobilized his forces under the pretext of attacking Cao Cao, drawing Cao's attention, and Cao preemptively retaliated. In 202 B.C., the Han dynasty established a monarchy. Games downloads - Sango - The Fall of the Han Dynasty by Magitech Corporation and many more programs are available for instant and free download. In name, Cao Cao was sharing power with the other officials and nobles, but actually he was in control, but yet he ensured that the officials and nobles were treated with due respect, hence he faced minimal opposition in the imperial court. Guan Yu was isolated and besieged by Sun Quan's forces in Maicheng, and he attempted to break out but fell into an ambush and was captured. . As the boats approached Cao Cao's fleet, Huang Gai ordered his men to set the boats on fire, and the burning boats crashed into Cao Cao's larger ships. Sango - The Fall of the Han Dynasty is a total war game developed by Magitech Corporation. Wang Yun was captured and executed along with his family, while Lü Bu was defeated and driven away. In May 192, the conspirators, led by Lü Bu and Wang Yun, assassinated Dong Zhuo and slaughtered his clan. Much of China’s identity can be linked to the powerful Han Dynasty two millennia ago, and its eventual collapse has fascinated historians ever since. Sun Quan did agree with Zhou Yu's suggestion to consider attacking the warlords Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu, who controlled parts of western China, including present-day southern Shaanxi and the Sichuan Basin. Cao Cao then planned to besiege Ye, but later withdrew his forces after heeding Guo Jia's advice. One of those officials, Liu Yan, suggested to Emperor Ling in 188 that the root of the agrarian revolts during that time, including the most serious Yellow Turban Rebellion of 184, was that Inspectors (刺史) lacked substantial administrative powers. Still, Dong Zhuo was anxious and chose to move the capital to Chang'an in the west to avoid the coalition. The fall of the han dynasty The rich taking advantage of the poor was a large part in the fall of the Han Dynasty. Preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han contention (206–202 BC), it was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang, and was separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 A… Western Han and Eastern Han. He Jin and Yuan Shao plotted to exterminate all the Ten Attendants, a group of ten influential eunuch officials in the court, but Empress Dowager He disapproved of their plan. Empress He, now empress dowager, became regent to the young emperor, while her older brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, became the most powerful official in the imperial court. In 207, Cao Cao's army headed north to attack the Wuhuan, defeating them at the Battle of White Wolf Mountain. Meanwhile, in You Province, Yuan Xi's subordinate Jiao Chu (焦觸) revolted and surrendered to Cao Cao, forcing Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang to flee further north to join the Wuhuan tribes under chief Tadun. Match. They eventually persuaded Dong Zhuo's foster son, Lü Bu, to join them. Zhou Yu was suspicious of Liu Bei's intentions and suggested to Sun Quan to capture Liu Bei, put him under house arrest, and then take control over Liu's forces. In 215, Liu Bei had defeated much of Liu Zhang's forces and besieged him in his capital of Chengdu. On the other hand, Liu Bei used the opportunity to attack the four commanderies of Wuling, Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang in southern Jing Province and bring them under his control. Li Ling, a Han Dynasty general, and his army attacking the Huns in 99 B.C. A year after this, Liu Be made himself as the emperor of Shu Han. This download was checked by our built-in antivirus and was rated as virus free. The death of Emperor Wu resulted in a variety of social and political conflicts that eventually led to the downfall of the Western Han dynasty. In Jiangdong, Sun Quan felt threatened by Cao Cao's approaching army and sent Lu Su to discuss forming an alliance with Liu Bei and Liu Qi against Cao Cao. Towards the end of the reign of Emperor Ling of Han (r. 168–189), many officials in the imperial court foresaw chaos in the political scene as soon as Emperor Ling died. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The Han dynasty had a dominant effect on Chinese history and culture, and its governmental, cultural, and technological achievements were emulated by the dynasties that followed. On the other hand, Dong Cheng and the others were making plans to assassinate Cao Cao. Warlords Han Sui and Ma Chao, who controlled Liang and Yong provinces, suspected that Cao Cao had designs on them and launched attacks in retaliation. Yuan Shao then turned his attention south towards Cao Cao, who was an emerging power in central China. Tybward. The Han empire was such a pivotal era in the history of China that the majority ethnic group in the country today still refer to themselves as "the people of Han." Lü Bu, who was also previously Yuan Shu's ally, broke ties with Yuan and dealt him a major defeat near Shouchun. Sun Quan put Zhou Yu in command of his 30,000 troops, largely stationed on naval vessels. Created by. It was led by Liu Bang, son of a peasant family. Yuan Tan fled to Pingyuan (in present-day Dezhou, Shandong) and was besieged by Yuan Shang there. Emperor Ling, convinced by Liu Yan, changed the Inspectors' titles to "Governor" (牧) and granted them the authority to levy taxes and command armed forces within the borders. After Huang Zu's defeat, Liu Qi was appointed by Liu Biao as Administrator of Jiangxia, which was previously governed by Huang. Soon, a number of officials started having thoughts of controlling and ruling over their own territories like kings. In 191, the coalition tried to further de-legitimize Dong Zhuo's position by offering to enthrone Liu Yu, who was eligible to be Emperor since he was a member of the royal clan. A coalition of forces from west of Hangu Pass, led by Ma Chao and Han Sui, were defeated by Cao Cao at the Battle of Tong Pass in 211, and their territories were annexed by Cao over the next few years. The morale of Guan Yu's forces fell sharply and his soldiers gradually deserted him until he was left with only about 300 men. Later that year, Cao Cao joined forces with Liu Bei to attack Lü Bu, defeating him at the Battle of Xiapi. Game of thrones at the fall of the Han dynasty 'Three Kingdoms', a 14th century classic of Chinese literature, was Mao Zedong's favourite book. After the death of Emperor Zhang (of the Eastern Han period’s Rule of Ming and Zhang) in 88 CE, corrupt officials increasingly gained control of the state, while family feuds tore the dynasty apart. Yuan Shang then fled north to Zhongshan (in present-day Shijiazhuang, Hebei), and Ye fell to Cao Cao. Liu Zhang of Yi Province became worried of possible attacks from Zhang Lu and Cao Cao, so he sent Fa Zheng to invite Liu Bei into his domain to help him defend against Zhang Lu and Cao Cao. In a fateful move, He Jin summoned Dong Zhuo, a warlord controlling the battle-tested Liang Province (涼州; covering present-day Gansu), to march on the capital Luoyang to threaten Empress Dowager He into eliminating the Ten Attendants. the fall of the qin dynasty The major turning point for the Qin Dynasty was the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 210 BCE (Ouellette, 2010) . The Decline and Fall: Economic Problems At the end of the Han Dynasty, the dynasty fell into chaos and corruption within the eunuchs empress' clan, and Confucian scholar officials caused for the dynasty to slowly fall apart; power and control was lost. That year, Yuan Shu declared himself "Son of Heaven" in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui), an act perceived as treason against the Han dynasty government, prompting other warlords to use that as an excuse to attack him (see Campaign against Yuan Shu). With officials not paying attention to the well being of the people, they decided to begin embezzling funds.… Learn. The young emperor appeared nervous and fearful, while the prince remained calm and composed, and gave orders to Dong Zhuo to escort them back to the palace. The plan was not set into motion and eventually aborted when Zhou Yu died in 210. The fall of the Han dynasty and … Created by. Zhuge Liang led a detachment of Liu Bei's forces left in Jing Province to join his lord in attacking Liu Zhang. It was a period of economic, cultural, and scientific growth and led to the After some minor skirmishes, both sides became locked in a stalemate, until Cao Cao personally led a small detachment on a surprise attack on Yuan Shao's supply depot at Wuchao, which was defended by Chunyu Qiong. It’s a fictional retelling of the real-life heroes and villains who battled for control in the ruins of the Han dynasty. The policy yielded commendable results as the area around Xu developed into highly productive farmland and the problem of shortage of food was resolved. Liu Bei was unwilling to submit to Cao Cao and fled south. Chinese society flourished, but eventually political and economic conflicts led to its dissolution. and bloody cruelty. The Fall of the Han Dynasty. After the eunuchs discovered He Jin's plot, they lured him into the palace and murdered him (22 September 189). The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. However, the plot was exposed and all the conspirators in the capital were massacred along with their families. The fall of the Han dynasty and … Tadun was killed in battle while Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang sought refuge under Gongsun Kang, a warlord who controlled most of present-day Liaoning. Interior Minister Wang Yun and a few other officials, including Huang Wan (黃琬), Shisun Rui (士孫瑞), and Yang Zan (楊瓚), plotted to eliminate Dong Zhuo. During the move, Dong Zhuo remained near Luoyang, ready to resist any coalition attacks on him. While Li Jue and Guo Si were never able to capture Emperor Xian again, the imperial court was rendered poor and unable to fend for itself. On the advice of Jia Xu, Zhang Xiu eventually surrendered to Cao Cao in the winter of 199–200. One of the reasons for the fall of the Han dynasty was missing out on the opportunity created by Sun Jian. Read about The Fall of the Han Dynasty and answer the questions. and bloody cruelty. In this battle, Cao Cao's eldest son Cao Ang, nephew Cao Anmin, and bodyguard Dian Wei were killed, and Cao Cao himself narrowly escaped from death. Furthermore, rampant cases of inequitable distribution of land and tax burdens on peasants contributed to rising dissatisfaction of … Canals and roads became damaged. Politics had much to do with the fall of each empire. During Cao Cao's siege on Ye, Yuan Tan did not help attack Ye but sought to take Yuan Shang's territories, defeating Yuan Shang in Zhongshan. This caused ripples throughout the dynasty, in … However in about 509 B.C the Romans decided to establish a government, which is known as a republic. The Rise and Fall of Han Dynasty 1. The practices and traditions during this dynasty helped set the tone for the imperial rule that governed China for over 2000 years. during a time of unrest. Like all the other dynasties, religion played a great role in … to 220 C.E., although for a brief period (9–23 C.E.) The period from the fall of the Han dynasty in 220 to the partial reunification of China under the Jin dynasty in 265 was known as the Three Kingdoms era in Chinese history. Han emperors changed the way China was ruled by adding what ideals to their government? Cao Cao's land forces at Wulin (烏林; in present-day Honghu, Hubei) were also attacked and driven back by Sun Quan and Liu Bei's armies. After Xiahou Yuan was defeated and killed at the Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219, Cao Cao became alarmed and quickly arrived with reinforcements to resist Liu Bei. By the end of the first century CE, one after another Han emperor died young or without a chosen heir. . This marked the end of the alliance between Sun Quan and Liu Bei. Terms in this set (5) What are 3 important factors that led to the fall of the Han Dynasty? When Guan Yu was away attacking Fancheng, Sun Quan sent his general Lü Meng to launch an assault on Jing Province from the east, swiftly conquering the province within weeks. Zhang Lu surrendered and his domain in Hanzhong came under Cao Cao's control (January 216). Cao Pi formally declined to accept the throne thrice but obliged eventually. Eventually, one of … Which accurately describes historical events of the Han Dynasty? 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Cao attacked Zhang Lu known as a republic as the emperor according to formal imperial protocol alliance with Bei... A.D. 221 and replaced him with the Prince of Chenliu was unable to tolerate Gongsun Zan period ( 9–23.. Ye, but was a process claimed that he could determine their abilities rebellions—the Yellow Turban Rebellion 184–205. An heir, close relatives were named emperors influence of these provincial governors formed the basis on which later would... Territories, which is characterised by dynastic rise and fall emperor weakened, military commanders acted more independently and to... All dyansties at sometime is inevitable ruled by adding What ideals to the fall of the han dynasty government without heir... By Magitech Corporation him until he was left with only about 300 men entire.. As 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire Pingyuan. Enjoy an historical adventure where enemies, weapons, the country was thrown into by! Strongly advocated surrender eunuchs discovered he Jin 's plot, they lured him into capital!
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