Until recently, however, many of the more explicit details have been suppressed in modern translations (see Cooper 1989; Dickson 2007). The terrified gods turn to Ea's son Marduk for help. While the great gods of the pantheon were worshipped by priests at rituals in cultic centers, ordinary people had no direct contact with these deities. Mischievous god of wisdom, magic and incantations who resides in the ocean under the earth. Enki then fathered the goddess Ninkurra with his daughter Ninmu, and the goddess Uttu with his granddaughter Ninkurra (Kramer and Maier 1989: 22-30). Enki is depicted as a bearded man surrounded by flowing water (Foster, 151). At play, Marduk made noise again, disturbing Tiamat and the other old gods, who urged her to a final battle. Enlil was the Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and ruler of the skies and the Earth. Ea's symbols include a curved sceptre with a ram's head, a goat-fish TT and a turtle [image 4] (Black and Green 1998: 179). Enki/ Ea is the one of the main Mesopotamian deities, and reigns over water and wisdom. Following Ea’s wise advice, Ninurta defeated the monster. Ea, the Akkadian counterpart of Enki, was the god of ritual purification: ritual cleansing waters were called “Ea’s water.” Ea governed the arts of sorcery and incantation. His symbols are a winged disc and the bow and arrow. In his original form, as Enki, he was associated with semen and amniotic fluid, and therefore with fertility. Nergal - God of the underworld, Nergal was an evil god who brought war and famine on the people. Completely enraged, she takes the form of a sea dragon and wages war against the killers. In the Sumerian myth “Enki and the World Order,” Enki is said to have fixed national boundaries and assigned gods their roles. Ashur (Assur) - The primary god of the Assyrians. Adad - The mesopotamian Weather God. View large image on the British Museum's website. Enlil was the Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and ruler of the skies and the Earth. Enki is associated with the city of Eridu [~/images/Eridu.jpg] on the southern Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press. Enki also had sexual encounters with other goddesses, particularly in the Sumerian myth Enki and Ninhursanga (ETCSL 1.1.1). Anu was represented by the number 60, Enlil by 50, Ea by 40, Sin, the moon god, by 30, Shamash by 20, Ishtar by 15, and Adad, the god of storms, by 6. Enki is also known as Ea in Babylonian and Akkadian mythology. Together with Anu and Enlil, he is one of the three key gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon. Ninhursanga gives birth to the goddess Ninmu after sexual relations with Enki. Sibling(s) Nusku, Dagon, Ninsun. He was the son of Anu and was derived from an earlier Sumerian God, Iskur. Cylinder seals TT often picture him surrounded by a flowing stream with fish swimming inside it representing the subterranean waters of the abzu [Images 1 & 2]. The god first appears in the Early Dynastic Period IIIa (c. 2600-2350 BCE) and was established as an important god of the Akkadians by c. 2400 BCE who knew him as Ea. Clay tablets found in archeological excavations describe the cosmology, mythology and religious practices and observations of the tibme. Its roots lie in the prehistory of Sumerian civilization, before the invention of writing or the formation of city-states. The The reason for such a practice stands in the fact that too oft en the materials concerning the In Mesopotamian religion, Anu was the personification of the sky, the utmost power, the supreme god, the one "who contains the entire universe". ... She was first the consort of Enlil but latter was associated with Ea and was Marduk's mother. The The reason for such a practice stands in the fact that too oft en the materials concerning the In literary texts, Enki/Ea was sometimes known by the alternative names Nudimmud or Niššiku, the latter originally being a Semitic epithet TT (nas(s)iku "prince") that was then reinterpreted as a pseudo-logogram TT dnin-ši-kù (Cavigneaux and Krebernik 1998-2001a: 590). He was commonly represented as a half-goat, half-fish creature, from which the modern astrological figure for Capricorn is derived. Enki is depicted as a bearded man surrounded by flowing water (Foster, 151). The Old Babylonian god list (the "de Genouillac list", TCL 15, 10, lines 410-413) possibly indicates that Lugalirra was married to a deity named Ku'annesi, and Meslamtaea to Ninšubur, otherwise known as the goddess Inana's or An's minister (Lambert 1987-90: 144), though whether these deities were listed as couples in this list has to remain uncertain. Major Deities Edit. Marduk, Lahar, Ashnan, Ninsar, Ningal. Enki's temple was E-abzu (house of the abzu), which was also known as E-engur-ra (house of the subterranean water) or E-unir (Foster 2005: 643-644). Enki and Inana (ETCSL 1.3.1) tells of a fight for power between Enki and Inana, the goddess of sex and war. There were hundreds of gods who were responsible for every thing in the world, from rivers and mountains to making bread or pottery. The Sumerian god’s name means Lord of the Earth. Ea told the hero Gilgamesh to construct a boat for his family, his craftsmen, the "animals of the field", and for himself before flooding the world.. 5. Enki is also known as Ea in Babylonian and Akkadian mythology. Several other gods are created--Ea and his brothers-- who reside in Tiamat's vast body. According to another Sumerian myth Enki is the creator, having devised men as slaves to the gods. The gods, however, learned about Apsu’s plan, and one of them, Ea, put a sleeping spell on Apsu, and killed him. Elegists and other funerary personnel were in attendance and conducted the laments seeking to give full expression to the grief of the bereaved and propitiate the…. Wall reliefs from Ninurta's temple in the Neo-Assyrian city of Kalhu showing figures cloaked in the skin of a fish were (incorrectly) assumed to be representations of Ea during the early twentieth century. The god of irrigation and inspector of canals in Mesopotamian mythology Sarpanitum - Beltia - Sarpanit - Sarpanitum, also known as Beltia, is an ancient Sumerian-Babylonian goddess, the consort of Marduk. The first attestations of the god Enki date to the Early Dynastic IIIa period, where he is mentioned in the texts from Fara. © The Trustees of the British Museum. The Sumerians believed that … Apsû wishes to kill the young gods, but Tiamat disagrees. Dumash - Babylonian shepherd and vegetation God. In the Mesopotamian worldview, illnesses and strife were caused by evil demons and divine displeasure. Ea is depicted in Mesopotamian art as a bearded god who wears a horned cap and long robes. He hatched a plan to create humans out of clay so that they could perform work for the gods. View large image on the British Museum's website. In some stories he was also the form-giving god, and thus the patron of craftsmen and artists; he was known as the bearer of culture. As Ea was master of the exorcists' ritual knowledge, he often featured in first-millennium incantations performed by exorcists to remove evil or to prevent it from visiting in the first place (examples in Foster 2005: 954-992). View large image on the British Museum's website. Ea, (Akkadian), Sumerian Enki, Mesopotamian god of water and a member of the triad of deities completed by Anu (Sumerian: An) and Enlil. In the myth Adapa and the South Wind, Ea helps humanity keep the gift of magic and incantations by preventing Adapa from becoming immortal (Foster 2005: 525-530; Izre'el 2001; Michalowski 1980). – UNALTERED! The Sumerian poem Ninurta and the Turtle (ETCSL 1.6.3) describes how Enki created a turtle from the clay of the abzu to help him recover the stolen tablet of destinies, which controls humanity's future. Incantations, wisdom and cleaners Commonly translated as the ‘Lord of the Earth’, Enki had also been depicted as a deity of creation, crafts, intelligence and even magic. A wild human creature of the steppes, fashioned from clay by the goddess Aruru to provide a challenge to the … Corrections? Major Deities Edit. Other mythical creatures also dwelt in the abzu with Ea, including the seven mythical sages TT (apkallÅ«) who were created for the purpose of teaching wisdom to humanity. Ea has associations with wisdom, magic and incantations. p. 415. The Sumerian god’s name means Lord of the Earth. Mesopotamian religion has a long history of development, stretching well beyond the third millennium BC. Enki is also known as Ea in Babylonian and Akkadian mythology. Alternative Title: An Anu, (Akkadian), Sumerian An, Mesopotamian sky god and a member of the triad of deities completed by Enlil and Ea (Enki). Omissions? More specifically, it is frequently suggested that Adapa can be paralleled with Adam for several reasons. Ea generally provided the spell, Marduk oversaw its implementation and Šamaš provided purification (Foster 2005: 645). Enki, or Ea (Akkadian), is the Mesopotamia god of fresh waters known as apsu. Though his vast appetite for sexual conquest may bring his mores into question, he was very compassionate in nature. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Lugalirra and Meslamtaea (a pair of gods) Underworld deities that often occur together, also called the 'Divine Twins'. As we fleetingly mentioned before in the earlier entry, Enki (known as Ea in Akkadian and Babylonian mythology), was one of the other important Mesopotamian gods of the supreme triad. Shamash - The Assyrian version of Utu; Elil - The Assyrian version of Enlil. From the other direction, Jean Bottéro has suggested that Ya of Ebla (a possible precursor of Yam) was equated with the Mesopotamian god Ea during the Akkadian Empire. Marduk, Babylon’s god, for example, was known as Enki or Ea in Sumer. Sumerian texts about Enki often include overtly sexual portrayals of his virile masculinity. Vintage. The gods, stunned by the prospect of death, called on the resourceful god Ea to save them. Ea's creatures Another name for Enkidu. Later traditions imagine them as guardians to the entrance of the underworld. These included – Supreme Ruler of the Kingdom of Heaven, and Lord of the Constellations. At first, he was no more than a local deity, but soon his worship was taken to another level. He was also one of the triad of deities alongside Enlil and Anu. Enkidu - Other names: Ea-bani - Babylonian. Enki's two-faced minister Isimu stands to his right. Lord of the abzu Ea appears as a bearded man surrounded by flowing water. Ea stretches out his right hand towards an eagle. The surface of the cylinder has been carved with a scene showing some Mesopotamian gods. Marduk, given control of the four winds by the sky god Anu, is told to let the winds whirl. Ninurta, however, decided to keep it for himself rather than return it to Enki. The traditions and beliefs about the Mesopotamian deity Enki/Ea – the god of water, wisdom, magic, and creation – formed a major part of the Sumerian and Babylonian religious text material. As Marduk, the champion of the young gods in their war against Tiamat, is of Babylonian origin, the Sumerian Ea/ Enki or Enlil is thought to have played the major role in the original version of the story. Updates? He was the child of Ansar and Kisar, the very first set of gods and descendants of primordial beings. Some Mesopotamian myths were reflected in Biblical stories including that of the Garden of Eden, the Flood, the Creation and the Tower of Babel. The son of Enlil, is a very ancient Mesopotamian god. The later versions describe the enemy force as agents of the gods – Ea (MB 5’-10’) or Enlil (LA 130-135). Myths & Legends. In the Middle and Late Bronze Age, there are also strong Hurrian and Mitannite influences upon the Canaanite religion. An exorcist recited incantations to the gods on the king's behalf, whilst the king himself bathed to wash away evil. There is a presumed relationship between the Adapa myth and the bible. Ea and his wife Damkina then gave birth to the hero Marduk, the tallest and mightiest of the gods. Cara - Cara - Shara - Anu and Inanna's son. As Marduk, the champion of the young gods in their war against Tiamat, is of Babylonian origin, the Sumerian Ea/Enki or Enlil is thought to have played the major role in the original version of the story. His wife was Damgalnunna/ Damkina and their offspring were the gods Marduk, Asarluhi and Enbilulu, the goddess Nanše and the sage Adapa (Bottéro 2002: 234; Black and Green 1998: 75). The gods were known by different names depending on whether the scribes wrote Sumerian or Akkadian. [21] Babylonian limestone kudurru TT depicting a turtle, which was a symbol of Enki; 1125BC-1100 BCE (BM 102485). It was also after this that Marduk was born, and was given the four winds to play with. He then killed Apsu and captured Mummu, his vizier. He resides in the ocean underneath the earth called the abzu (Akkadian apsû), which was an important place in Mesopotamian cosmic geography. Like most sky gods, Anu, although theoretically the highest god, played only a small role in the mythology, hymns, and cults of Mesopotamia. Creator and protector of humanity Anu was the prime and the first god worshiped by Sumerians, and there were other names associated with worshiping him. Anu: nu, (Akkadian), Sumerian An, Mesopotamian sky god and a member of the triad of deities completed by Enlil and Ea (Enki). Myths & Legends. When the youngest of the gods, Ea (Enki in Sumerian) heard about the planned attack, he put a powerful sleeping spell on Apsu and then killed him in his sleep. They promptly assemble, declare hint king, and send him forth, armed With his winds and Storms. The god of each city was always considered the best and most powerful. It is unclear when he was merged with the god Ea, whose name first appears in the 24th century BCE (Edzard 1965: 56). The Sumerian god An became the Semitic Anu, while Enki became Ea, Inanna became Ishtar, and Utu became Shamash. Ea recited a spell that made Apsu sleep. Prayers for success in divination and protection of kings also invoked Ea. Enki was the son of the god An, or of the goddess Nammu (Kramer 1979: 28-29, 43) and a twin brother of Adad. There were hundreds of gods who were responsible for every thing in the world, from rivers and mountains to making bread or pottery. Mesopotamian Creator God Supreme Creator, God of Water and Half-fish The father of Marduk, he also created Adapa, the first human, out of wet mud. The awesome, terrible, and unknowable creator gods through history ; Mesopotamian Goddess Seeking Revenge . He was identified with the north ecliptic pole centered in Draco. The traditions and beliefs about the Mesopotamian deity Enki/Ea – the god of water, wisdom, magic, and creation – formed a major part of the Sumerian and Babylonian religious text material. Enki/ Ea is the one of the main Mesopotamian deities, and reigns over water and wisdom. of the gods Enki and Ea 2 appeared during the course of Mesopotamian history. The gods, stunned by the prospect of death, called on the resourceful god Ea to save them. The tablet was stolen by an evil bird-like demon named Anzu, but the hero Ninurta won it back. Ea, (Akkadian), Sumerian Enki, Mesopotamian god of water and a member of the triad of deities completed by Anu (Sumerian: An) and Enlil. Dilbat - A city in Babylonia. Enki's role as a creator of the world is described in Enki and the World Order (ETCSL 1.1.3), and his creator aspect becomes an increasingly prominent in later literature, a phenomenon that Frymer-Kensky (1992: 70-90) has called the "marginalization of goddesses". Ea was served by his minister, the two-faced god Isimu/Akkadian Usmû (pictured to Enki's right in Image 1). In Ea's temple in Babylon, the hero-god Marduk was born. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ninhursag. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. For example, the city of Babylon was said to have been built on top of the abzu. Mummu is a Mesopotamian deity. ISBN 0-09-927367-5. The vizier, Mummu, agrees with Apsû's plan to destroy them. The copy found at Ashur has the god Ashur in … Assyrian Gods. The Late Assyrian and Middle Babylonian versions also both blame the suffering of Naram-Sin upon his predecessor, Enmerkar, as he did not write an account of his own trials for future kings to read and thereby avoid making the same mistakes. Consort. Cylinder seal TT showing Enki seated on a throne, wearing a horned headdress with a flowing stream full of fish; 2250 BCE (BM 103317). He was sometimes pictured with his pet dragon. A history of God: from Abraham to the present: the 4000-year quest for God. p. 528. Limestone wall relief featuring a fish-cloaked apkallu sage TT , from the temple of Ninurta in Kalhu, Assyria; 9th century BCE. Hadad (or Adad) - storm and rain god; Enlil (or Ashur) - god of air, head of the Assyrian and Sumerian pantheon; Anu (or An) - god of heaven and the sky, lord of constellations, and father of the gods; Dagon (or Dagan) - god of fertility; Enki (or Ea) - god of the Abzu, crafts, water, intelligence, mischief and creation and divine ruler of the Earth and its humans (gods in blue …mixed-breed demigods in teal...) (Enki’s creation = Heabani) Aug 4, 2017 - Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses - Enki/Ea (god) of the gods Enki and Ea 2 appeared during the course of Mesopotamian history. Triad of Heaven. He was the child of Ansar and Kisar, the very first set of gods and descendants of primordial beings. Before her death, she brings monsters into the Mesopotamian pantheon: the first dragons whose bodies were filled with venom. The following list of the most important gods, goddesses, … Mesopotamian Gods & Kings Mesopotamian Artifacts & Texts Menu Skip to content. In the case of Ea, the transfer proceeded peacefully and without effacing the older god. Parents. Welcome to mesopotamiangods.com, Where History & Modern Man Began; Ea / Enki Quotes From Texts. The gods were known by different names depending on whether the scribes wrote Sumerian or Akkadian. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Ea/Enki was one of the most important and beloved gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon and features prominently in the story of the Great Flood where he saves humankind by advising the good man Atrahasis to build an ark before the waters come and, in the famous Descent of Inanna, provides the means to rescue the goddess from the underworld. The Sumerian epic mythic narrative known to modern scholars as ‘Enki and Ninhursag’ details a micro-creation-story having to do with medicinal plants, illnesses, and gods; Enki (also known later as Ea) is the god of the first city Eridu, water, and mischief; Ninhursag is the goddess of the earth and Enki’s consort. 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